NAND

Firmware Extraction Series: Firmware Media

Saturday, December 28, 2019

What is Firmware? Firmware, sometimes referred to as a firmware image (or simply “ROM” in mobile communities), resides in Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) and can be both read and written. In embedded systems, the most common NVM types are ROM (Read-Only Memory) and Flash memory. While strictly speaking, “ROM” includes Mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM, modern “mainstream ROM” usually refers to EEPROM integrated within an MCU. Flash memory typically serves as the primary external storage. …

Firmware Extraction Series: UBI Filesystem Extraction and Repacking

Saturday, December 28, 2019

Preface I originally wrote this post last year but accidentally set the GitHub repository to private and lost the README. After re-uploading, the context felt slightly dated, but the technical content remains relevant. …

Firmware Extraction Series: Reading Flash with flashrom

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Introduction to FlashROM It’s been over six months since my last post. The firmware extraction series has now reached Part 11. In my opinion, this topic isn’t particularly sensitive, so I’m sharing it openly. …

Firmware Extraction Series - Raw NAND File Recovery

Sunday, March 10, 2019

Preface This post documents the process of restoring the NAND Flash filesystem from an in-vehicle head unit. …