IoT

Firmware Extraction Series: Firmware Media

Saturday, December 28, 2019

What is Firmware? Firmware, sometimes referred to as a firmware image (or simply “ROM” in mobile communities), resides in Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) and can be both read and written. In embedded systems, the most common NVM types are ROM (Read-Only Memory) and Flash memory. While strictly speaking, “ROM” includes Mask ROM, PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM, modern “mainstream ROM” usually refers to EEPROM integrated within an MCU. Flash memory typically serves as the primary external storage. …

Firmware Extraction Series: UBI Filesystem Extraction and Repacking

Saturday, December 28, 2019

Preface I originally wrote this post last year but accidentally set the GitHub repository to private and lost the README. After re-uploading, the context felt slightly dated, but the technical content remains relevant. …

D-Link DIR-850L Router Vulnerability Verification Report

Thursday, June 22, 2017

Preface I flipped through my notes to see if there was anything worth publishing, and found this one—but it’s already outdated. I spent one night getting about halfway through it, then got sent on a business trip. Another intern couldn’t finish it, so it ended up being dropped. It doesn’t have much research value now, so I’ll just post it anyway. …